Intensional meaning in logic software

Intensional and higherorder modal logic 1st edition. Intensional negation is a transformation technique which, given the horn clause definitions of a set of predicates p i, synthesizes the definitions of new predicates, p i. Okay, thats a bit dramatic, but isnt any intensional meaning we associate with modal logic something that falls outside the scope of modal logic. A number of versions of first order intensional logic can be found in the. Intensional logic from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia jump to. Intensional logic is a branch of mathematical logic used to precisely describe contextdependent entities. Intensional logic 7 is a branch of mathematical logic which is used to describe precisely contextdependent entities. Intensional firstorder logic for p2p database systems. Nino cocchiarella, and persisting in the general development below. The logic of a conclusion or an argument is its quality of being. The difference between intensional and extensional value sets. Intensional logic attempts to study both designation and meaning and.

In computer programming, intentional programming is a programming paradigm developed by charles simonyi that encodes in software source code the precise intention which programmers or users have in mind when conceiving their work. In logic and mathematics, an intensional definition gives the meaning of a term by specifying all the properties required to come to that definition, that is, the necessary and sufficient conditions for belonging to the set being defined. Intensional logic business rules often use semantic structures that go beyond first order logic. The internet was built on the back on free software, but is increasingly being taken over by commercial interests. The method of text analysis in natural languages, based on an intensional logic of montague, which is adapted for russian language, is being explored in this work. Jun 18, 2009 intensional logic from wikipedia, the free encyclopedia jump to. From cambridge english corpus this was not easy and.

We will devise a system of intensional logic il and use it to translate a simple algollike language, as in janssen 1986 and hung 1990. Based on a simple nonprocedural language with temporal logic operators, lucid underlies a family of multidimensional programming languages based on intensional logic. Logic programs with intensional functions vladimir lifschitz department of computer science, university of texas austin, tx 78712, usa abstract the stable model semantics treats a logic program as a mechanism for specifying its intensional predicates. As nouns the difference between logos and logic is that logos is rhetoric a form of rhetoric in which the writer or speaker uses logic as the main argument or logos can be while logic is uncountable a method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, stepbystep manner about how a problem can be solved logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method. Apart from criminal investigation techniques, students learn forensic medicine, philosophy and logic. Several researchers have recently addressed themselves to. The intensional meaning, or intension, consists of the qualities or attributes that the term connotes, and the extensional meaning, or extension, consists of the members of the class that the term denotes. Intensional logic and logic grammar vol 2 by gamut, l. Intensional logic is an approach to predicate logic that extends firstorder logic, which has quantifiers that range over the individuals of a universe extensions, by additional quantifiers that range over terms that may have such individuals as their value intensions. This is a running draft to ll in the missing information as it becomes possible. Zalta tackles the issues that arise in connection with intensional logic a formal system for representing and explaining the apparent failures of certain important principles of inference and intentional states mental states such as beliefs. Intensional logic synonyms, intensional logic pronunciation, intensional logic translation, english dictionary definition of intensional logic. Intensional logic stanford encyclopedia of philosophy.

A system of logic a priori and a posteriori abacus logic abduction logic abductive validation academia analitica accuracy and precision ad captandum. The terms intensional and extensional come from the fields of mathematical logic and set theory. Logic an attempt to formulate the processes of the ratiocinative mind, connecting idea with idea in a causal sequence, leading from predicate to conclusion. For example, the intensional meaning of the term cat.

In this paper we analyze the minimal intensional semantic enrichment of the syntax of the fol language, by unification of different views. In intensional programmingip paradigm, which has its foundations in intensional logic, the real meaning of an expression, called intension, is a function from contexts to. Denotational semantics of a simple imperative language. For example, an intensional definition of bachelor is unmarried man. In modern logic, the standard approach is truthfunctional, i. Intensional logic 833 hence it seems that if we accept that a name means the thing it names, then given the principle of compositionality, two sentences are bound to have the same meaning i.

Flash drives allow data to be transferred from one computer to another. Logic is a method of reasoning that involves a series of statements, each of which must be true if the statement before it is true. This book provides a systematic study of three foundational issues in the semantics of natural language that have been relatively neglected in the past few decades. In the terminology of intensional logic 2, the elements of this space are possible worlds. By using the appropriate level of abstraction at which the programmer is thinking, creating and maintaining computer programs become easier. We show that not all modal predicate logics are intensional, and that an equivalent modal kripkes interpretation of logic quantifiers in fol results in a particular pure extensional modal predicate logic as is the standard tarskian semantics of the fol. A formal deductive system able to represent the distinction between intension and extension of a term intensional logic meaning. Conservative intensional extension of tarskis semantics hindawi. Furthering baseline core lucid standard speci cation in.

In previous work, we have proposed a decision procedure for a. Intensional logic attempts to study both designation and meaning and investigate the complex relationships between them. In logic and mathematics, an intensional definition gives the meaning of a term by specifying necessary and sufficient conditions for when the term should be used. The general intensional programming system gipsy project. When the predicate consists of axioms, the species of logic is called deductive, or reasoning from the general to the particular. Current linguistic theories treat syntax of a natural language separately from meaning. Zalta tackles the issues that arise in connection with intensional logic and intentional states. Extensional and intensional semantics of puml objects. In this paper we discuss a modi cation of that seman. Apr 20, 2017 this video is about intensional meaning in semantics. Intensional logic is an approach to predicate logic that extends firstorder logic, which has quantifiers that range over the individuals of a universe, by additional quantifiers that range over terms that may have such individuals as their value. Logic and intensionality the most distinctive feature. Extensional semantics that models the meaning of sentences based on the extensions of linguistic expressions is limited and cannot handle these intensional constructions. The idea is to use software to automate the creation of small changes in the source code called mutants.

Intensional logic and metaphysics of intentionality the mit. Source and target represent intensional views and r is a binary predicate over the sourcecode entities denoted by x and y contained in those views. In imperative programming languages, its very useful for dealing with the concept of references as we will see. After all, the morning star and the evening star both designate the planet venus, but dont have the same meaning. The definition of intensional logic is any system that distinguishes an expressions intension from its extension. Several examples are presented in which montagues formalism is coupled with a procedural interpretation. This is a great question, because it will help to clarify the key mistake made by the founder of general semantics, namely, count alfred korzybski, who coined the term, nonaristotelian, in his book, science and sanity. I am also interested in informal logic, ethics, and the history of logic and analytic philosophy generally. An intensional logic, however we do need to know what the terms mean, because we want to ask not just about which things do, as a matter of contingent fact, happen to fall under those terms.

The search based on a meaning is one of the most perspective ways in this issue. If theres any logic to privatization, its that competition creates more efficiency. Intensional logic is used for reasoning about senses or intensions of expressions. Amazon price new from used from hardcover please retry. Should you wish to be a part and contribute, contact the people listed at the title page. Indeed, i will argue that intensionalityin a particular meaning of. Definitions can be classified into two large categories, intensional definitions which try to give the sense of a term and extensional definitions which try to list the objects that a term describes.

What is the difference between intensional and extensional. The cognitive meaning of terms comprises two kinds. A natural translation is given from intensional logic into lisp. What is the difference between intensional and extensional logic. Intensional logic and logical grammar paperback dec 15 1990. For this issue, a special algorithm had been made and tested on the corpus of text from a social network. The definition of intentional is something done on purpose. In some way, meaning determines designation, but is not synonymous with it. See all 7 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Information and translations of intensional logic in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Intension is a concept rooted in an aspect of natural language called intensional context, in which the meaning of a statement extension depends on the context in which it is uttered intension.

The main advantage with respect to the standard negation as failure rule is the symmetry in handling both positive and negative. Programmer meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. This article presents results from a case study of media activities in a swedish governmental agency where we illustrate a how the media logic is translated and become embedded in the studied agen. A simplified version of montagues intensional logic is presented and explicated in terms of computational analogues. Towards intensional semantics extensional semantics that models the meaning of sentences based on the extensions of linguistic expressions is limited and cannot handle these intensional constructions. Being an unmarried man is an essential property of something referred to as a bachelor.

Usage of algorithms for the analysis natural languages. Computing intensional answers to questions an inductive. Intensional logic attempts to study both designation and meaning and investigate the relationships between them. Which of the following statements expresses a value claim. Terms in this set 11 which of the following statements has primarily cognitive meaning. I briey discuss in what sense it can be made to encompass the other approaches. Puml is written in z, where this language is precise language in mathematical point view, it is based on predicate logic 5. Modal logics sbvr includes model formulations for the following modalities from deontic and alethic logics. What is common in these intensional constructions is that they call for a consideration of extensions that an expression may have in.

Klement professor, philosophy, umass amherst editor. Intentional dictionary definition intentional defined. Melvin fitting intensional logic beyond first order abstract. Choose from 500 different sets of logic chapter 2 flashcards on quizlet. The modeltheoretic and fixpoint semantics of intensional logic programs are. Software logic synonyms, software logic pronunciation, software logic translation, english dictionary definition of software logic. This video is about intensional meaning in semantics. From the montagues point of view, the meaning of an idea can be considered as. If this intensional information is derived and retrieved, database answers would gain additional meaning. Intensional logic higher order logic with philosophical applications recent philosophy in particular brentano, meinong, frege, russell, and carnap contemporary philosophy in particular kripke and putnam last research project meaning driven grammar mdg. As others have said, the developers should not be purposefully adding bugs in the software, but it is a legitimate strategy for your test suite to add bugs into the software as part of the testing process. With applications to montague semantics focuses on an approach to the problem of providing a precise account of natural language syntax and semantics, including the settheoretic semantical methods, boolean models, and twosorted type theory.

Developing the distributed component of a framework for. In our approach, an intensional answer is represented by a clause and computed based on inductive logic programming ilp techniques, in particular bottomup clause generalization. May 01, 2015 video shows what intensional logic means. Thinking has no functional definition, midwest studies in philosophy, vol. Discover the different between intensional and extensional value sets. A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term a word, phrase, or other set of symbols. What is nonaristotelian logic, a term used by alfred. Pdf intensional firstorder logic for p2p database systems. Extensional and intensional semantics of puml objects 171 5 precise uml puml is an international group of researchers and practitioners who share the goal of developing uml as precise formal modeling language. Every logic programmer should have, at least in her mind, intended meaning for all the used predicates. The modeltheoretic meaning of that definition can be. Learn logic chapter 2 with free interactive flashcards.

Logic definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Intension and extension, in logic, correlative words that indicate the reference of a term or concept. The intensional logic makes regular mathematical and logic expressions contextaware, i. According to carnap, the real meaning of a natural language expression whose truthvalue depends on the context in which it is uttered is.

Intentional definition, done with intention or on purpose. In logic and mathematics, an intensional definition gives the meaning of a term by specifying necessary and sufficient. Intensional definition of intensional by the free dictionary. Obligation permission logical necessity logical possibility. Periodicity analysis for mining discretevalued time series databases weiqiang lin and mehmet a. This is part i of a twopart essay introducing caseintensional firstorder logic cifol, an easytouse, uniform, powerful, and useful combination of first order logic with modal logic resulting from philosophical and technical modifications of bressans general interpreted modal calculus yale university press 1972. Proper usage and audio pronunciation plus ipa phonetic transcription of the word logic.

The previous section of this chapter explored the cognitive meaning of language in general. Software logic definition of software logic by the free. Computing intensional answers to questions an inductive logic programming approach. The overall structure of the rest of the paper has as follows. But of course there are now attempt at a formalization of intensional discourses, from alonzo churchs logic of sense and denotation 1951, to jaakko hintikkas knowledge and belief 1962. Article type declarative programming with intensional sets. A finite set of unambiguous instructions that, given some set of initial conditions, can be performed in a prescribed sequence to achieve a certain goal. Intensional logic definition of intensional logic by the. Logic definition in the cambridge english dictionary. Information about logic in the dictionary, synonyms and antonyms. Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey. In order to qualify for the programs financial incentives, physicians.

Logic is a method of reasoning that involves a series of statements, each of which must. Examples are class hier archies, to define the various data classes and their relationships. Still, the intensional information in the database may include additional characterizations of the extensional answer. Pragmatics and intensional logic 69 monstratives, modal operators, tenses, probability operators, contextual ambiguity, and direct selfreference. The intensional view environment software languages lab. We also give some hints towards a logical characterization of intensional.

Such terms, it may be argued, are always intensional since they connote the property meaningless term, but this is only an apparent paradox and does not constitute a counterexample to the claim that without intension a word has no meaning. This article presents results from a case study of media activities in a swedish governmental agency where we illustrate a how the media logic is translated and become embedded in the studied agency, and b how different professional groups inside the organization shape the translation process. In particular, we present an approach for computing an intensional answer given an extensional answer i. In the case of nouns, this is equivalent to specifying the properties that an object needs to have in order to be counted as a referent of the term.