According to the study, the rate of msw discarded fell one percentage point from 2012 to 52. Environmental protection agency epa characterizing municipal solid waste msw in the united states. Municipal solid waste an overview sciencedirect topics. Municipal solid waste may contain a variety of pathogens, a source of which is often disposable diapersit has been found that as. The composition of municipal solid waste varies greatly from municipality to. This chapter provides an overview of waste generation, waste stream composition, and incineration in the context of waste management. Guide to the facts and figures report about materials, waste. Municipal solid waste energy information administration. The average municipal solid waste msw discard rate based on the statewide studies was 1. The united states produces the largest amount of municipal solid waste msw per capita in the world. Using data from eia, the environmental protection agency epa, and fuelspecific btu values, eia determined two interrelated trends in the composition of the msw stream. Facts and figures about materials, waste and recycling us epa.
The epafranklin model the epafranklin model uses a materials flow methodology to estimate msw generationittraces the flow of materials from production, through consumption, and on to disposal. The table 3 7 gives the changing composition of municipal waste over the last two decades and is attributed to the changing life styles and increasing consumerism. Waste characterisation environmental protection agency. The 2000 statewide msw composition study 2000 study characterized the mixed municipal solid waste stream and used a similar methodology as the 20 study. Epa, municipal solid waste 2010 characterization report 8 the state of the paper industry, 2011, environmental paper network, p. Montgomery county waste composition study summary of. Municipal solid waste msw is a pool of various solid wastes by towns and cities from different types of household activities. Environmental protection agency, cincinnati, oh, 1985. Garbage can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal. In the european union, the semantic definition is mixed municipal waste, given waste. In mid1995, the environmental protection agency issued all local authorities with a draft procedure for household wastecharacterisation. Water and organic matter contents, calorific value, and the total chlorine levels in seven biodegradable waste biomsw size fractions between 120 mm and 10 mm and in the fine fraction oddbits. The analysis will increase overall confidence in the available data and help underpin future service and policy decisions. A sampling protocol for composting, recycling, and reuse.
The epa is proposing amendments to the standards of performance for municipal solid waste landfills. The study was funded primarily by a grant awarded to the nyc department of sanitation dos by the u. Minnesota msw composition study minnesota pollution. More than 1 million tons of municipal solid waste msw are generated in asia every day, and this figure is expected to reach 1. The report describes the national waste stream based. A steering group, with representatives from scottish government, sepa, and zero waste scotland was set up to. Engineering properties of municipal solid waste msw depend largely on the wastes initial composition and degree of degradation. Composition and characterization of municipal solid waste. Broader information on the minnesota msw composition study. Msw composition was determined in samples collected from different income level areas of the city. Composition of municipal solid waste in the united states. First, the heat content per unit weight of the waste stream has been steadily increasing. Books amounted to approximately 940,000 tons, or 0. Currently, most municipalities in the united states use recycling to convert waste into reusable material which can lead to benefits, such as a reduction in the consumption of new raw materials.
This report describes the national municipal solid waste msw stream based on data collected for 1960 through 2011. The primary material categories are similar when comparing the two studies with some minor differences in the problem materials, hhw, and other waste material categories. Waste sampling waste sample collection was performed on the transfer station floor during the operating hours of the facility and in conformance with astm d5231 92 2003, standard test method for determination of the composition of unprocessed municipal waste. It includes information on municipal solid waste msw generation, recycling. Pepper, in environmental and pollution science third edition, 2019. This report summarises and comments on the results of waste characterisation work that was carried out on household municipal waste, results and commentary on the 2018 household municipal waste kerbside characterisation study, this report summarises and comments on the results of waste characterisation work that was carried out on nonhousehold municipal waste, results and. Material recovery facilities for municipal solid waste. The objectives of the household hazardous waste characterization study the hhw study were to. B4 composition of msw discards by organic and inorganic fractions, 1960 to 1996. Population growth associated with technological advancement has contributed to a significant increase in the generation of municipal solid waste msw, which is associated with significant environmental and public health risks worldwide dolar et al. Fact sheet, formerly called municipal solid waste in the united states.
Composition of msw waste category as collected, % by weight food waste 30 paper 35 yard waste 15 plastics 5. It is recommended that you use an electronic spreadsheet when you do this problem. According to the us environmental protection agency us epa, msw generation has increased by a factor of 2. Assessing trends in materials generation, recycling and. Textbook endoflife cycle national wildlife federation. A municipal solid waste msw landfill unit is a discrete area of land or an excavation that receives household waste, and that is not a land application unit, surface impoundment, injection well, or waste pile. In brazil, the situation with regard to solid waste management requires greater attention leme. Their composition will be reintegrated into the final msw sample composition the remainder of the msw sample without 10 p. Recycling characterization and composition study in may 2016, oregon department of environmental quality began field work on a yearlong statewide waste composition study, with assistance from metro, marion county, lane county, washington county, and the cities of portland and beaverton. The us epa endorsed the concept of integrated waste management that could be tailored to fit particular communitys needs. It is worth examining the changes in the composition of waste in india in the last two decades. Municipal solid waste msw, commonly known as trash or garbage in the united states and rubbish in britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. Rapid economic development has led to an annual increase in municipal solid waste msw production.
Environmental fact sheet, municipal solid waste generation, recycling and disposal in the united states. Eec then used epas msw facts and figures waste characterization report epa, 2008 of the average u. Environmental impact and cost assessment of incineration. Assessment of municipal solid waste for valorization into. Changing quantities and composition of municipal solid waste generation are. Msws in developing countries usually have a high kitchen waste. Municipal solid waste msw to liquid fuels synthesis. Table 3 7 physicochemical characteristics of msw in india. Characterization of municipal solid waste in the united states. Final report the composition of municipal solid waste in. Problem definition determine the specific weight of the collected msw with the composition given in table 1. Characterization of new york citys solid waste stream. Final report united states environmental protection agency.
Separate categories were established for greenyard waste and other organics to differentiate these two primary material categories for the purpose of estimating the. The united states environmental protection agency epa estimated that the national msw production totaled more than 251 mm short tons in 2006, before recycling, which equates to. The epa found that in 2014 about 258 million tons of msw were generated. Municipal solid waste msw can be handled with several traditional management strategies, including landfilling, incineration, and recycling. Changing quantities and composition of municipal solid waste generation are illustrated. Communities are faced with the challenge of developing wastemanagement approaches from options that include reduction of waste generated, incineration, landfilling, recycling, reuse, 11reuse refers to using a material more than once in its original manufactured. The materials composition of municipal solid waste generation by. Epa 625691031 september 1991 handbook material recovery facilities for municipal solid waste by peer consultants, p. Msw, more commonly known as trash, comprises various items we. Dominant components in msw discards were similar between studies. It includes information on municipal solid waste msw generation, recycling, combustion with. Each year, epa produces a report called advancing sustainable materials management. Thus, this study has been conducted to analyze and compare the.
Municipal solid waste generation, recycling and disposal in the united states. Thermal plasma gasification of municipal solid waste msw. Environmental protection agency epa has recommended a solid waste management hierarchy which emphasizes source reduction, recycling, and composting. Ethanol production from msw is a novel strategy that has been proposed and researched for practical use. Effects of urbanization on municipal solid waste composition. The historical perspective is useful for establishing trends in types of msw generated and in the ways it is managed. The facts and figures data only represent municipal solid waste in the united states. This report provides the results of a materialspecific waste composition analysis of the new york city municipal solid waste stream. The generation of waste as a result of urbanization is increasing at a rate surpassing that of urbanization itself hoornweg and bhadatata, 2012.
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